Publications
Compute for India: A Measured Approach
Carnegie India recently organized a closed-door meeting in New Delhi to discuss India’s approach to compute in the context of its national artificial intelligence (AI) strategy. The meeting was attended by government officials, technology executives, startup founders, and academic researchers. Carnegie India’s experts also attended meetings organized by technologists based in Bengaluru on their efforts to promote open access to compute. Below is a summary and analysis of the key takeaways from these meetings.
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Bio-X: A New Frontier of Biotechnology Cooperation Under the iCET
India and the United States should consider launching “Bio-X,” to foster cooperation in biotechnology. This initiative would leverage the synergies between the domestic programs of the two countries, thereby boosting the competitiveness of their biotech industries.
One Year of the INDUS-X: Defense Innovation Between India and the U.S.
Since its launch nearly a year ago, the INDUS-X has marked many milestones in the India-U.S. relationship. Much has been achieved, but there is room to further enhance defense cooperation between the two countries in the coming years.
The Importance of AI Safety Institutes
This essay traces the evolution of AI safety institutes around the world, explores different national approaches, and examines the need for an AI safety institute in India.
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Understanding the Global Debate on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems: An Indian Perspective
This article explores the global debate on lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS), highlighting the convergences, complexities, and differences within and beyond the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on LAWS. It further examines India’s key position at the GGE and the probable reasons behind them.
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India Signs a Security of Supply Arrangement (SOSA) with the United States: What Can We Expect?
In August 2024, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) entered into a Security of Supply Arrangement (SOSA) with the Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD). This commentary attempts to highlight the issues that arise in the wake of the arrangement.
Archive sessions
AI, DPI, and the Future of Technology | Nandan Nilekani in Conversation with Janka Oertel | GTS 2025
In this thought-provoking conversation from the Global Technology Summit 2025, Nandan Nilekani (Co-founder, Infosys; Founding Chairman, UIDAI) joins Janka Oertel (Director, Asia Program, European Council on Foreign Relations) to explore the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital public infrastructure (DPI).
AI – A Reality Check | Nandan Nilekani on Scaling Trustworthy AI | GTS 2025
In this keynote address at the Global Technology Summit 2025, Nandan Nilekani delivers a powerful reality check on the global AI hype. He outlines the real-world challenges of scaling artificial intelligence—especially in the enterprise and public sectors—and emphasizes the need for trust, governance, and inclusive infrastructure. Drawing on India’s digital public infrastructure (DPI) success, Nilekani explains how the country is uniquely positioned to lead in building population-scale, low-cost, responsible AI.
Panel: Can Politics Meet Opportunity? The Future of Technology Partnerships
Speakers: Samir Saran, Nivruti Rai, Ashley J. Tellis, Thorsten Benner
Moderator: Lindsey W. Ford
This panel explores the critical intersection of geopolitics and innovation. As global power centers evolve, how can political leadership enable meaningful, equitable tech partnerships? Experts weigh in on emerging alliances, national strategies, and trust in global tech ecosystems.
Keynote and Inaugural Conversation | S. Jaishankar at GTS 2025
India’s External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar joins Rudra Chaudhuri in a wide-ranging conversation on India’s role in shaping global technology governance, digital partnerships, and the future of strategic tech diplomacy.
Global Technology Summit Innovation Dialogue 2024
The inaugural Global Technology Summit Innovation Dialogue 2024 focused on the crucial intersection of technology and diplomacy, with particular attention to digital public infrastructure (DPI) and artificial intelligence (AI). This event brought together key global stakeholders to discuss how emerging technologies shape governance, international relations, and societal development.
Keynote Address
At the inaugural Global Technology Summit (GTS) Innovation Dialogue, Seth Center, Acting Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology at the U.S. Department of State, delivered a keynote address that highlighted the growing intersection of technology and geopolitics.
Audio & videos
Karl Mehta on India's Tech-Driven Future
In this episode of Interpreting India, Konark Bhandari is joined by Karl Mehta, Chairman of the Quad Investors Network, to explore the integration of advanced technologies into the Indian context.
Madhumita Murgia on Addressing Unintended Harms of AI
In this episode of Interpreting India, Anirudh Suri is joined by Madhumita Murgia, author and AI editor of the Financial Times, to examine the profound impacts of artificial intelligence on society in her new book, Code Dependent: Living in the Shadows of AI.
Quentin Verspieren on a Zero Debris Approach in Space Exploration
In this episode of Interpreting India, Quentin Verspieren, Space Safety Programme and Protect Accelerator Coordinator at the Directorate of Operations, European Space Agency (ESA) joins Tejas Bharadwaj to discuss the importance of a zero-debris approach in space sustainability.
The U.S.-India Partnership Under Modi and Biden with Arun K. Singh
In this episode of "Interpreting India," Rudra Chaudhuri is joined by Arun K. Singh, former Indian Ambassador to the United States, to explore the evolving India-U.S. relationship under the Modi-Biden era.
India's Lunar Exploration: Past, Present, and Future with Jatan Mehta
In this episode of Interpreting India, Tejas Bharadwaj sits down with Jatan Mehta, an independent space writer and author of the popular blog Moon Monday, to explore India's lunar exploration strategy in the context of growing global interest in the moon.
Building an Effective Data Protection Authority in India
India's proposed data protection legislation, the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 is currently pending in Parliament. The bill proposes to create a new, independent public authority called the Data Protection Authority of India (DPA). The DPA will oversee the implementation of the protections provided under the bill and is therefore a key part of the proposed regulatory framework. However, as a new regulator, the DPA will have to build data-related expertise. The DPA will also have to deal with capacity constraints that existing Indian regulators already face. Given that the bill is on its way to being enacted into law, how can the Indian Government best prepare for what lies ahead? What strategies can the DPA adopt to enable it to become a capable and effective regulator?